The ovaries are a pair of small, almond-shaped organs located in the female reproductive system. They are situated on either side of the uterus, near the end of the fallopian tubes.
The main function of the ovaries is to produce and release eggs for fertilization during ovulation. Each ovary contains thousands of follicles, which are small sacs that house immature eggs. During each menstrual cycle, one of these follicles is stimulated to grow and mature, eventually releasing a mature egg during ovulation.
In addition to producing eggs, the ovaries also produce and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which are responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, supporting pregnancy, and maintaining various aspects of female health. These hormones also play a role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development and the distribution of body fat.
The ovaries can also be susceptible to various conditions such as ovarian cysts, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian cancer, which can impact their function and health.