Pain- or swelling-reducing refers to a substance or medication that is used to relieve pain and inflammation. These agents work by reducing the levels of chemicals in the body that contribute to pain and inflammation, such as prostaglandins and cytokines.
Some common examples of pain or swelling-reducing agents include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and aspirin, corticosteroids such as prednisone, and acetaminophen.
Other types of pain or swelling-reducing agents include topical creams and ointments, such as those containing capsaicin or lidocaine, which are applied directly to the affected area. Ice and heat therapy can also be effective at reducing pain and swelling. In some cases, physical therapy or massage may also be recommended to help reduce pain and inflammation. Certain supplements, essential oils, and diet & lifestyle changes may assist in reducing inflammation as well.
Further Reading:
10 Best Anti-Inflammatory Supplements
Top 6 Essential Oils for Back Pain
8 Essential Oils for Inflammation